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A European Commissioner is a member of the European Commission. Each Commissioner within the college holds a specific portfolio and are led by the President of the European Commission. In simple terms they are the equivalent of national ministers. Each European Union member state has the right to a single commissioner (prior to 2004, the four largest states--France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom--were granted two) and appoints them in consultation with the President.
The accession of Romania and Bulgaria in 2007 raised the number of commissioners from 25 to 27, and after the accession of Croatia in 2013 the number of commissioners raised to 28. Below is a list of all past and present European Commissioners according to the member-state they were nominated by, including the Presidents of the European Coal and Steel Community and European Atomic Energy Community. The colours indicate their political background (blue for conservative or centre-right, mainly European People's Party, red for left-wing or social democrats, mainly the Party of European Socialists, yellow for centrist or liberals, mainly European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party, and green for green politicians, mainly the European Green Party).
Italy, United Kingdom, Netherlands, France, Spain
European People's Party, Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party, Party of European Socialists, European Union, Portugal
European Union, European Parliament, Neil Kinnock, Politics of the European Union, European Commission
European Union, European Council, European Commission, European Commissioner for Competition, President of the European Commission
European Union, European Commission, Climate change, Climate of Europe, European Commissioner for Competition
European Union, Neil Kinnock, Barroso Commission, European Commission, Algirdas Šemeta
European Union, European Commission, Society, Council of the European Union, European Parliament
European Parliament, Training, Youth, Civil society, European Union