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The Khartoum Resolution of September 1, 1967 was issued at the conclusion of 1967 Arab League summit convened in the wake of the Six-Day War, in Khartoum, the capital of Sudan. The summit lasted from August 29 to September 1 and was attended by eight Arab heads of state: Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq, Algeria, Kuwait, and Sudan.[1] The resolution called for: a continued state of belligerency with Israel, ending the Arab oil boycott declared during the Six-Day War, an end to the North Yemen Civil War, and economic assistance for Egypt and Jordan. It is famous for containing (in the third paragraph) what became known as the "Three No's": "no peace with Israel, no recognition of Israel, no negotiations with it..."[2]
Commentators have frequently presented the resolution as an example of Arab United Nations Security Council Resolution 242.[8] Benny Morris wrote that the Arab leaders "hammered out a defiant, rejectionist platform that was to bedevil all peace moves in the region for a decade". He laid some of the blame with Israel, saying, "[i]n part [the Arab] stand was a response to Israel's unwillingness or inability to consider withdrawal from the West Bank and Gaza as part of any peace settlement".[9] Odd Bull of the UNTSO opined in much the same manner in 1976.[10]
Avi Shlaim has argued that Arab spokesmen interpreted the Khartoum declarations to mean "no formal peace treaty, but not a rejection of peace; no direct negotiations, but not a refusal to talk through third parties; and no de jure recognition of Israel, but acceptance of its existence as a state" (emphasis in original). Shlaim states that the conference marked a turning point in Arab-Israeli relations, noting that Nasser urged Hussein to seek a "comprehensive settlement" with Israel. Shlaim acknowledges that none of this was known in Israel at the time, whose leaders took the "three no's" at face value.[11]
In the event, indirect negotiations between Israel, Jordan and Egypt eventually opened through the auspices of the Jarring Mission (1967-1973), and secret direct talks also took place between Israel and Jordan, but neither avenue succeeded in achieving a meaningful settlement, setting the stage for a new round of conflict.
Egypt, South Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Eritrea, Ethiopia
Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Libya, Israel
Israel, Egypt, Gaza Strip, United Kingdom, Jerusalem
Amman, Saudi Arabia, Middle East, Syria, Israel
Israel, West Bank, Egypt, Syria, Gaza Strip
United States, United Kingdom, Kuwait, Egypt, Saudi Arabia
United Kingdom, United States, Six-Day War, Israel, Egypt
Israel, Egypt, Syria, Damascus, Israeli Air Force
Israel, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt, Gaza Strip