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The Goan Muslims are a minority community who follow Islam in the western Indian coastal state of Goa. They are native to Goa, unlike recent Muslim migrants from Karnataka. They are commonly referred as Moir (Konkani: मैर) by Goan Catholics and Hindus.[a] Moir is derived from the Portuguese word mour (Moors). The Portuguese call them Mouros because they (and the Spaniards in contact with the Muslims of Mauritania, who had conquered the Iberian Peninsula) were called Mouros and later generalized as Mouros.
Although the advent of Muslims in Goa occurred later in history, Arab geographers referred to Goa as Sindabur and believed that Goa had one of the best ports in western India. In 554 CE, Sidi Ali Kodupon wrote the Turkish-language book Mohit. In the book, Goa is referred to as Guvah-Sindabur: a combination of the names Guvah (Goa) and Sindabur (Chandrapur). The Arab voyager Al-Masudi believed that Sindabur was the leading coastal city in Malabar. As the Arab world converted to Islam traders spread their new religion, peacefully settling in Goa.[1] Later, however, Arab Muslim commercial traders migrated to Goa by force of conquest and established their society; this was the first forceful influx of Muslims into Goa, which led the local Hindus to migrate elsewhere.
The Delhi Sultanate took over Goa in 1312, destroying the city of Govapuri and demolishing shrines .[1][2] In turn, they were forced to surrender Goa by 1370 to Harihara I of Vijayanagara. The Vijayanagara monarchs ruled Goa for the next hundred years (until 1469), before it passed to the Bahmani sultans of Gulbarga. After the Bahmani Sultanate collapsed the Adil Shahis of Bijapur took over,[2] making Velha Goa their ancillary capital. During this era, Muslim pilgrims from all over India embarked on their journey to Mecca from Goa.[3] A Muslim community evolved in Goa as a combination of intermarriage with local converts and Hindus and willful acceptance of Islam.[b]
A permanent settlement was established by the Portuguese in 1510 in Velha Goa (Old Goa), when the Portuguese admiral Afonso de Albuquerque defeated the ruling Bijapur king Yusuf Adil Shah. Efforts to suppress Islam were made by the Portuguese. From 1540 onwards, Goa Inquisition was established. The Muslims were persecuted and forced to convert to Catholicism, killed or exiled. Many mosques were destroyed and churches were built on them. The inquisitor's one of the first act was to forbid any open practice of the Islam on pain of death. Most of the Goa Inquisition's records were destroyed after its abolition in 1812, and it is thus impossible to know the exact number of those put on trial and the punishments they were prescribed. From 1560 to 1774, a total of 16,172 persons were tried and condemned or acquitted by the tribunals of the Inquisition.[4]
Muslims are concentrated in Sattari, Bicholim, Sanguem, Ponda and Vasco da Gama. Their language parallels Dakhini of the Deccan Plateau. This dialect, self-referred as "Urdu", does not resemble standard Urdu has a heavy Konkani influence and may be considered the "Konkani slang" of Goan Muslims.[5] Goan Muslims are bilingual (speaking Konkani outside the home); some are educated in Marathi,[6][7] and they use the Perso-Arabic and Devanagari scripts for written communication.[6] The Muslims constitute nearly 7% of Goa population.
The majority of Goan Muslims follow Sunni Islam,[6] the predominant groups being that of Mullas/Mujawars, Sayeds, Shaikhs (Xec in Portuguese), Khans/Pathans, Khojas, Bhatiars (cooks), Bhoras (merchants) and Manyars (bangle-makers). They observe all Muslim holidays and festivals. Goan Muslims as well as people from other religions are governed by a Uniform civil code based on the progressive old Portuguese Family Laws; unsuccessful attempts were made for a change to Muslim personal law.[8]Personal law of Hindus and Muslims is not recognized in Goa. Goans have a history of peace and harmony, without religious violence; one exception was a Hindu-Muslim riot on March 3–4, 2006.[9]
In common with all Goans, rice and fish are the Muslims' staple foods; sea food is preferred to goat meat, and biryani is a delicacy during festivals like Eid.[10]
Quran, Arabic language, God, Muhammad, Shia Islam
Kannada language, Tamil Nadu, Bangalore, Goa, Andhra Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Urdu language
India, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra
Konkani Muslims, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Momin Ansari, Islam in India
Taj Mahal, Islam, Mughal architecture, Pakistani architecture, Mughal Empire
Mughal architecture, Islam in India, Deobandi, Aligarh Muslim University, Architecture of Karnataka