European Union Customs Union

European Union

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The European Union Customs Union (EUCU) is a customs union which consists of all the member states of the European Union (EU) and some of its neighbouring countries: Andorra, Monaco, San Marino and Turkey.

The customs union is a principal task of the World Trade Organisation.

Non-EU participants 1
EU territories with an opt-out 2
See also 3
Notes 4

Non-EU participants

Monaco and the British territories of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, Guernsey, Isle of Man and Jersey are integral parts of the EU's customs territory, while Andorra, San Marino and Turkey, a candidate for EU membership, are each in a customs union with the EU.

State	Agreement	Entry into force	Notes
Andorra	Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Economic Community and the Principality of Andorra - Joint Declarations^[1]	1 January 1991	Excludes agricultural products
Monaco	Franco-Monegasque Treaty^[2]^[3]	1958
San Marino	Agreement on Cooperation and Customs Union between the European Economic Community and the Republic of San Marino^[4]	1991
Turkey	Decision No 1/95 of the EC-Turkey Association Council of 22 December 1995 on implementing the final phase of the Customs Union^[5]	31 December 1995	Excludes agricultural products
United Kingdom in respect of	Act concerning the conditions of accession of the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic and the adjustments to the Treaties on which the European Union is founded Protocol No 3 on the sovereign base areas of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Cyprus^[6]	1 May 2004
in respect of	Documents concerning the accession to the European Communities of the Kingdom of Denmark, Ireland, the Kingdom of Norway and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Protocol No 3 on the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man^[7]	1 January 1973

EU territories with an opt-out

While all EU member states are part of the customs union, not all of their respective territories participate. Territories of member states which have remained outside of the EU (overseas countries and territories of the European Union) generally do not participate in the customs union.

However, there are seven territories that are within the EU which do not participate in the customs union:

Büsingen am Hochrhein (enclave within Switzerland, part of the Switzerland–Liechtenstein customs area)
Campione d'Italia (enclave within Switzerland, part of the Switzerland–Liechtenstein customs area)
Livigno
Ceuta
Melilla
Gibraltar
Heligoland

Notes

^
^
^
^ Agreement on Cooperation and Customs Union between the European Economic Community and the Republic of San Marino
^ Decision No 1/95 of the EC-Turkey Association Council of 22 December 1995 on implementing the final phase of the Customs Union
^ Act concerning the conditions of accession of the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic and the adjustments to the Treaties on which the European Union is founded - Protocol No 3 on the sovereign base areas of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on Cyprus
^ DOCUMENTS CONCERNING THE ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES OF THE KINGDOM OF DENMARK, IRELAND, THE KINGDOM OF NORWAY AND THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND, PROTOCOL NO 3 ON THE CHANNEL ISLANDS AND THE ISLE OF MAN

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European Union Customs Union