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This article is about the demographic features of the population of Nigeria, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
The most populous country in Africa, Nigeria accounts for approximately one sixth of the African population (or one fifth of Sub-Saharan African population).
Approximately 50% of Nigerians are urban dwellers. At least 24 cities have populations of more than 100,000. The variety of customs, languages, and traditions among Nigeria's 389 ethnic groups gives the country a cultural diversity. Census figures are used to determine regional funding and representation of ethnic and religious groups in government service. This provides an incentive for inflating local populations. On the other hand, some academics believe the figures given below by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) are a serious underestimate.
Professor JG Ottong, a social scientist at the University of Calabar, explained that population has been a sensitive and controversial issue "because of its implications for shaping regional, state and ethnic relations and balance of power". In the past, census figures were believed to have been manipulated for political advantage.[1]
The most numerous ethnic groups in the northern two-thirds of the country are the Hausa and the Fulbe/Fulani, the overwhelming majority of whom are Muslim. Other major ethnic groups of the north are the Nupe, Tiv, and Kanuri. The Yoruba people are the overwhelming majority in the southwest, as well as parts of the north-central region. Over half of the Yorubas are Christian and about 40% are Muslim, while the remainder hold traditional Yoruba views. The predominantly Christian Igbo are to be found in the central parts of the southeast. Roman Catholic is the largest denomination, but Pentecostal, Anglican and other Evangelical denominations are also strong. The Efik, Ibibio, Annang, and Ijaw constitute other South Eastern populations.
Persons of different language backgrounds most commonly communicate in English, although knowledge of two or more Nigerian languages is widespread. Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo are the most widely used native Nigerian languages.
174,507,539 (July 2013 est.) (CIA World Factbook) Population: 162,471,000 (July 2011 United Nations est.)
[3]
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)(Wanted TFR) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[4] [5] [6]
Source: Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS)
According to the United Nations, the population of Nigeria will reach 440 million by 2050. Nigeria will then be the 3rd most populous country in the world. In 2100, the population of Nigeria will reach 914 million.[7]
Registration of vital events is in Nigeria not complete. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[8]
Population: 174,507,539 (July 2013 est.) 178.5 Million (2014 est) [9]
Age structure: 0-14 years: 43.8% (male 39,127,615/female 37,334,281) 15-24 years: 19.3% (male 17,201,067/female 16,451,357) 25-54 years: 30.1% (male 25,842,967/female 26,699,432) 55-64 years: 3.8% (male 3,016,896/female 3,603,048) 65 years and over: 3% (male 2,390,154/female 2,840,722) (2013 est.)
Median age: total: 17.9 years male: 17.4 years female: 18.4 years (2013 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.54% (2013 est.)
Birth rate: 38.78 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
Death rate: 13.2 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
Net migration rate: -0.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
Urbanization: urban population: 50% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 3.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Life expectancy at birth total population: 51.56 years male: 51.58 years female: 51.55 years (2000 est.)
total population: 46.94 years male: 46.16 years female: 47.76 years (2009 est.)
total population: 52.05 years male: 48.95 years female: 55.33 years (2012 est.)
male: 52 years female: 53 years (2014 est.) [10]
HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate 3.1% (2007 est.) 3.6% (2009 est.)
people living with HIV/AIDS 2.6 million (2007 est.) 3.3 million (2009 est.)
Today millions of ethnic Nigerians live abroad, the largest communities can be found in the United Kingdom (500,000-3,000,000)[12] and the United States (600,000-1,000,000 Nigerians). There are also large groups in Canada, Portugal and many other countries. .
Nigeria is nearly equally divided between Christianity and Islam. The majority of Nigerian Muslims are Sunni and are concentrated in the northern area of the country, while Christians dominate in the Middle Belt and south.
According to a 2009 Pew survey 75% of Nigeria's population were Muslims.[13] A later Pew study in 2011 estimated that Christians now form the majority of the nation, comprising 50.8% of the population, while Muslims comprised 47.9%.[14][15] Adherents of other religions make up 1.4% of the population.[16]
Nigeria is home to a substantial network of Lagos who specialize in mugging and small-scale drug dealing. According to official statistics, gang violence in Lagos resulted in 273 civilians and 84 policemen killed in the period of August 2000 to May 2001.[19]
"the result of factors such as endemic local corruption, which facilitates illicit trafficking; the Biafra civil war, which contributed to a proliferation of firearms; the oil boom of the 1970s, which led to the embezzlement of public funds; and the economic crisis of the 1980s, which was accompanied by a rise in robberies. The expansion of the Nigerian diaspora and organized crime went hand in hand. Global migration boosted prostitution, drug trafficking and fraud, the three main activities of Nigerian syndicates. The smuggling of Nigerian sex workers became a whole industry that now extends from Switzerland to France and Italy (where black prostitutes are called “fireflies”), and has even reached the prudish kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from which 1,000 women are said to be deported every month by the authorities."[20]
The high crime rate among Nigerian migrants also leads to stereotyping Nigerians as criminals; thus, in Cameroon, Nigerian migrants are perceived collectively by the inhabitants of Cameroon as likely to be oil smugglers or dealers in stolen cars. In the Netherlands, the debate on Nigerian crime reached an intensity described as a "moral panic" by one scholar.[21][22] In Switzerland, the crime rate of Nigerian young males was reported as 620% that of Swiss males in same age group (2009 data), the second highest crime rate of any nationality, just below that of Angolan nationals (at 630%).[23]
Nigeria is also pervaded by political corruption. It is ranked 143 out of 182 countries in Transparency International's 2011 Corruption Perceptions Index.
Lagos, Yoruba people, Kano, Port Harcourt, Abuja
Switzerland, Austria, Italy, United Kingdom, France
Isle of Man, India, Canada, European Union, British Overseas Territories
Ontario, Quebec City, Quebec, Ottawa, Aboriginal peoples in Canada
Spain, Portuguese language, Lisbon, Porto, Madeira
Nigeria, Boko Haram, Human rights, Cameroon, Borno state
Bantu languages, Niger–Congo languages, South Africa, Sudan, Nilo-Saharan languages
Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Lagos, India, Netherlands