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The demographics of Ethiopia encompass the demographic features of Ethiopia's inhabitants, including ethnicity, languages, population density, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
The country's population is highly diverse, containing over 80 different ethnic groups. Most people in Ethiopia speak Afro-Asiatic languages, mainly of the Semitic or Cushitic branches. The latter include the Oromo, Amhara, Tigray and Somali, which together make up three-quarters of the population.
Nilo-Saharan-speaking Nilotic ethnic minorities also inhabit the southern regions of the country, particularly in areas bordering South Sudan. Among these are the Mursi and Anuak.
There are 90 individual languages of Ethiopia according to Ethnologue,[1] with the 1994 Ethiopian census indicating that some 77 tongues were spoken locally. Most of these languages belong to the Afro-Asiatic family (Cushitic and Semitic). Omotic languages are also spoken, though their classification is uncertain. Additionally, Nilo-Saharan languages are spoken by the nation's Nilotic ethnic minorities.
Amharic 25.7% (as a first language), Afaan Oromo 31.6%, Somali 6.5%, Tigrinya 6.1%, Guragigna 3.5%, Sidamo 3.5%, other local languages; Arabic, English (major foreign language taught in schools),[2]
Amharic is the only official national language although Afaan Oromo enjoys almost equal number of native speakers. It was also the language of primary school instruction, but has been replaced in many areas by local languages such as Afaan Oromo and Tigrinya. English is the most widely spoken foreign language and is taught in all secondary schools.
Ethiopia is a multi-religious country. Most of the Christians live in the highlands, while the Muslims mainly inhabit the lowlands. Adherents of traditional faiths are primarily concentrated in the southern regions.
Ethiopian Orthodox 43.5%, Protestant 18.6% (which include P'ent'ay and the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus), Muslim 33.9%, traditional (2.6%) Catholic 0.7%, all others 0.6%.[3] A small Ethiopian Jewish community also reside in the northern parts of the country although almost all of them have emigrated to Israel.
Source: Central Statistical Agency (CSA)[4]
According to the 2010 revision of the UN's World Population Prospects, the total population was 82,950,000 in 2010, compared to 18,434,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 41.5%, 55.2% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.3% was 65 years or older.The average age is 25.1.
Below are the UN's medium variant projections; numbers are in thousands:[5]
Registration of vital events in Ethiopia is incomplete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates:
CBR = crude birth rate (per 1,000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1,000); NC = natural change (per 1,000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1,000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)
As per 2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[8]
According to 2011 official survey, total fertility rate was 4.8 with 2.6 in Urban and 5.5 in rural regions.[9] Total wanted fertility rate (TWFR) in Ethiopia is 3.0 children per woman, this suggests that the TFR is 60 percent higher than it would be if unwanted births were avoided.[9]
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.
Total: 16.8 years Male: 16.5 years Female: 17.1 years (2013 est.)
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.) -0.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.) Note: The repatriation of Ethiopians who fled to Sudan (as refuges from war and famine) in earlier years is expected to continue for several years; small numbers of Sudanese and Somali refugees, who fled to Ethiopia to escape the fighting or famine in their own countries, est.)
urban population: 17% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 3.8% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
total population: 56.19 years male: 53.64 years female: 58.81 years (2011 est.)
adult prevalence rate 1.4% (2011 est.) people living with HIV/AIDS 980,000 (2007 est.) deaths 67,000 (2006 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 42.7% male: 50.3% female: 35.1% (2003 est.)
This article incorporates public domain material from the CIA World Factbook document "2006 edition".
Addis Ababa, Oromo people, Oromia Region, Somalia, South Sudan
Ethnologue, Arabic language, Aramaic language, Hebrew language, Akkadian language
South Cushitic languages, Somali language, Omotic languages, Beja language, Sudan
United Kingdom, Germanic languages, British Empire, Angles, West Germanic languages
Ethiopia, Constitutions of Ethiopia, Politics of Ethiopia, Regions of Ethiopia, Districts of Ethiopia
Bantu languages, Niger–Congo languages, South Africa, Sudan, Nilo-Saharan languages
Traditional African religion, Christianity, Islam in Ethiopia, Bahá'í Faith, Islam