This article will be permanently flagged as inappropriate and made unaccessible to everyone. Are you certain this article is inappropriate? Excessive Violence Sexual Content Political / Social
Email Address:
Article Id: WHEBN0000144004 Reproduction Date:
The Arms of Canada, also known as the Royal Coat of Arms of Canada[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] or formally as the Arms of Her Majesty The Queen in Right of Canada,[2][10][11][12][13] is, since 1921, the official coat of arms of the Canadian monarch and thus also of Canada.[13] It is closely modelled after the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom with French and distinctive Canadian elements replacing or added to those derived from the British.
The maple leaves in the shield, blazoned "proper", were originally drawn vert (green) but were redrawn gules (red) in 1957 and a circlet of the Order of Canada was added to the arms for limited use in 1987. The shield design forms the monarch's royal standard and is also found on the Canadian Red Ensign. The Flag of the Governor General of Canada, which formerly used the shield over the Union Flag, now uses the crest of the arms on a blue field.
Prior to
As the Royal Arms are personal to the sovereign they cannot be used without consent.[62] The coat of arms "as designed in 1921 and revised in 1957...(and) in 1994" are "protected under the Trade-marks Act and the Copyright Act and cannot be used or reproduced without authorization".[63] Further, "Marks and designs similar to the official symbols are pursued as a copyright or trade-mark infringement".[63] The Trade-marks Act further states that "No person shall adopt in connection with a business, as a trade-mark or otherwise, any mark consisting of, or so nearly resembling as to be likely to be mistaken for... the arms, crest or flag adopted and used at any time by Canada".[64] In addition, under Crown copyright, "permission is always required when the work is being revised, adapted, or translated regardless if the purpose of the reproduction is for personal or public non-commercial distribution".[65]
The fifth charge, a sprig of red maple leaves at the bottom, is a distinctly Canadian symbol that became gradually identified with the country throughout the 19th century.[54] They were first proposed as a symbol in 1834, were established in 1868 on the arms of Quebec and Ontario and officially became the national emblem in 1965, with the proclamation of the Flag of Canada.[51] Initially, the leaves were depicted as coloured green on the coat of arms because it was thought to represent youth, as opposed to the red colour of dying leaves in autumn.[14] However, they are blazoned as "proper", so could be shown as either red or green, and it is the blazon, rather than any depiction, which is regarded as authoritative.[23] The leaves were later redrawn in official depictions in 1957 with the current colour to be in line with the official colours of Canada. They are further stylized in that natural maple leaves do not grow in sprigs of three. The shield forms the basis of the royal standard of Canada.[39]
In March 2006, the premiers of Canada's three territories called for the amendment of the motto to better reflect the vast geographic nature of Canada's territory,[58] as Canada has coastlines on the Arctic, Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans. Two suggestions for a new motto are A mari ad mare ad mare (from sea to sea to sea) and A mari usque ad maria (from the sea to the other seas).[59][60]
The circlet of the Order of Canada was added around the shield for limited use in 1987, and for general use in 1994.[3]
Tierced in fesse the first and second divisions containing the quarterly coat following, namely, 1st, [24]
The heraldic blazon of Canada's coat of arms is:
In response to a new campaign by Bruce Hicks for the Canadian Parliament to have a distinct heraldic symbols along the lines of the portcullis (variations of which are used by the Commons and Lords in the British Parliament),[45] a proposal that was supported by Speakers of the House of Commons John Fraser and Gilbert Parent, a Commons committee was eventually struck following a motion by MP Derek Lee, before which Hicks and Robert Watt, the first Chief Herald of Canada, were called as the only two expert witnesses, though Senator Serge Joyal joined the committee ex-officio on behalf of the Senate. Commons' Speaker[46] Peter Milliken then asked the Canadian Heraldic Authority to authorize such a symbol and, on 15 February 2008, the Governor General authorized the House of Commons to begin using a badge of the shield of the royal arms superimposed on the ceremonial mace assigned to the House of Commons as a symbol of the royal authority under which it operates.[47][48] Following the Commons example, the Senate then requested and obtained on 15 April 2008 a similar badge for itself with the shield of the royal arms surmounted on the mace assigned to the Senate.[49]
The personal flag of the Governor General has, since 1981, featured the crest of the royal arms of Canada on a blue background.[43][44]
It is also used on a flag in its full achievement in military ceremonies, such as Canadian Armed Forces Tattoo performances.[42]
The full achievement of the coat of arms has been used by the Canadian government on occasion on a plain red flag, such as in 1967 for the country's centennial celebrations.[41]
The arms of Canada are the arms of the sovereign and signify national sovereignty and ownership.[32] They are used as a mark of authority by various government agencies and representatives, including the prime minister[33] and Cabinet,[34] and most courts, including the Supreme Court.[35] It is also present on all pre-polymer denominations of Canadian banknotes (in fact, the way the arms were printed on each bill is a security feature),[36] as well as the 50¢ coin,[37] and on the cover of Canadian passports.[38] Since 1962, a banner of the arms, defaced with a variant of the Queen's cypher, has formed the Royal Standard of Canada, for use by the sovereign in her capacity as monarch of Canada.[39] In the Canadian Forces the ranks of chief warrant officer and chief petty officer 1st class wear the coat of arms as their symbol of rank.[40]
1868
1905
1921
1957
1994
In June 2008, Member of Parliament Pat Martin introduced a motion into the House of Commons calling on the government to amend the coat of arms to incorporate symbols representing Canada's First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples.[31]
It took until 1994 for the Queen to approve the new design for general use, though the Canadian Heraldic Authority began to allow for its limited use beginning in 1987, where the arms were used to represent Her Majesty personally on letters patent granting new arms for distinguished Canadians.[3] These letters patent carried the shield from the royal arms along with the annulus behind the shield bearing the motto of the Order of Canada—Desiderantes meliorem patriam. As soon as royal approval was forthcoming, the full achievement was redesigned for use by the federal government within the Federal Identity Program.[14] The present design of the arms of Canada was drawn by Cathy Bursey-Sabourin, Fraser Herald at the Canadian Heraldic Authority.[30]
By 1957, the arms were redrawn by Alan Beddoe so as to have red leaves and to change the royal crown from one of a Tudor design to one more resembling St. Edward's Crown, as preferred by Queen Elizabeth II.[14] To mark the 1982 patriation of the Canadian constitution, which finally ended the last vestiges of British authority over Canada, a McGill University student named Bruce Hicks proposed to Secretary of State Gerald Regan that the motto of the Order of Canada be placed around the shield in order to bring these royal arms into line with other royal arms, many of which have been displayed in Canada during French, Scottish, and English colonisation, where those countries' highest national order of honour appears around the shield of the arms (the British arms displayed the Order of the Garter), the Scottish royal arms the Order of the Thistle, and the royalist arms of the French Regime the Order of the Holy Spirit and Order of Saint Michael).[28] While unsuccessful in this first attempt, Hicks continued his campaign and was joined by a number of other amateur and professional heraldists. As a journalist in the parliamentary press gallery in Ottawa in the late 1980s and early 90s, Hicks strategically recast the change as something worth doing to commemorate the 25th Anniversary of the Order of Canada in 1992, an idea that was endorsed by the Advisory Committee on the Order of Canada.[29]
In 1931, with the passage of the Statute of Westminster, Canada and other Dominions became fully sovereign from the United Kingdom. This had the effect of elevating the Canadian coat of arms, which had been granted as deputed arms for particular uses in a colony, to the status of the royal arms of the King in right of the country, for general purposes throughout the country. They thus replaced the British coat of arms, which had previously been arms of general purpose throughout the British Empire, in court rooms and on government buildings to represent the ruling monarch. This change can be seen in the Great Seal of Canada of George VI, where the royal arms of Canada replaced the British arms, and is even more evident in the Great Seal of Canada for Elizabeth II, where the title has been redefined as Queen of Canada.[27] These are the coat of arms of the Queen of Canada.
. national colours of Canada The proclamation also established red and white as the [26] with the addition of maple leaves in the base and the reference to the French royal arms in the fourth quarter.[25] The new layout closely reflected the arms of the United Kingdom[24] The decision was settled by 1920, and the committee conferred with the [23] A committee was formed in 1919 to pursue the issue, eventually agreeing that the elements of the new arms would reference the Royal Arms of England, Ireland, Scotland, and France, with maple leaves representing Canada, though there was at the time no consensus on how the leaves were to be used.[23] for a national symbol and by 1915 a push had begun to design a new coat of arms for Canada.[14] Nine quarterings on a shield was considered too complex
A shield of arms first quartered and then, over time, as more provinces and territories joined Canada, marshalled with the arms of the new members of Confederation emerged through popular and even Canadian governmental usage. This eventually resulted in a shield with nine quarterings, an arrangement that had never been approved by the monarch.[14]
carried by Canadian troops at Vimy Ridge in 1917. Red Ensign That is why it was in this form Canada was represented on the first [22] arms for Canada until 1921.de facto In the Royal Warrant of 1868, Queen Victoria authorized the four arms of the first provinces to be quartered for use on the Great Seal of Canada and while this was not done for the first Great Seal, it is through this reference it became the [21].New Brunswick and [15]
Ontario, Quebec City, Quebec, Ottawa, Aboriginal peoples in Canada
French language, Elizabeth II, Orders, decorations, and medals of Canada, List of post-nominal letters in Canada, Governor General of Canada
Charles, Prince of Wales, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Anne, Princess Royal, Queen Victoria, House of Windsor
Hungary, Heraldry, Vexillology, Brittany, Coat of arms
Canadian Heraldic Authority, Canada, Governor General of Canada, College of Arms, Court of the Lord Lyon
Heraldry, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Department of Canadian Heritage, Liberal Party of Canada
Canada, Immigration to Canada, History of immigration to Canada, Canadian nationality law, Demographics of Canada
Ontario, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nunavut, New Brunswick, Conservative Party of Canada